Process of electric welding.



L. S. LACHMAN.

PROCESS OF ELECTRIC WELDING. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 12, 1910.

Patented J an. 20, 191% myrofl BY I l WITNESSES L. S. LACHMAN. PROCESSOF ELECTRIC WELDING. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 12, 1910.

Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

4 BHEETS-SHEET 2.

ATTORNEY L. S. LACHMAN. PROCESS OF ELECTRIC WELDING. APPLICATION FILEDAUG. 12, 1910.

Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

0 p R W 2 m H z m H W 0 0 IWVM/ 90a I m Ml/,1 1 i 4 0 0 p 1 L. S.LACHMAN.

PROCESS OF ELECTRIC WELDING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.12, 1910.

1,085,089. Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

wmves E8 J66; INVENTOR W Br ATTONEY adepted'for any of the longitudinalmem- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LAURENCE S. LACH MAN, OF NEW YORK, N..Y., ASSIGNOR TO UNIVERSAL ELECTRICWELDING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PROCESS OF ELECTRIC. WELDING.

Specification of Letters-Patent.

Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, Lsurmvcr. S. LACH- MAN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have.invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Electric\Velding, of which the following 18 a specification.

This invention relates to. processes of electric Welding, and has forone oi its main purposes the provision of a. process wherebylongitudinal and transverse members may be most economically weldedtogether, for the urpose of producing a strong and durable imme or net\rork for various purposes.

' Other objects of the invention will appear from the hereinafterdescription.

In the accompunyirg drawings there are shown a number of di erent formsof framework typical of what is contemplated to be within the spirit andscope of the present invention.,. and it will be noted that ineach ofthem there is provided a framework having intersecting members, whichmembers are variously formed to adapt them for integral union,electrically, at their places of intersection.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a frame com-posed 0longitudiual and transverse members, each of a particular fiorm, weldedto ther at their places of intersection with t e sides of the transversemembers united to the edges of the longitudinal members. Fig. 2 is a.simi- In: view, illustrating a further exsmple of a frame composed oflong. .dinal members havingtheir' edges u iited to the sides oftransverse members, he latter being specificslly of different form fromthose of the preceding figure. Fig. 3 is a similar view illustrating afurther exam 1e of such a frame, the longitudinal member in this examplebeing flat or plane and the transverse members similar to those of Fig.1 and united to both the upper and lower edges of the longitudinalmember. Fig. 4 is a cross section on the line H of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is adetail view of a furtherfi orm of transverse member which may beemployed with any of the herein described longitudinal members. Fig. 6is a detail view showing still another form of transverse member hers.Fig. 7 is a perspective view 01 a frame I composed of longitudinalmembers united edgewise to the edges of transverse members, the latterbeing shown as of form similar to those of Fig. 6- but in invertedposition. Fig. 8 is a cross section on the line s-S' of Fig. 7 intendedto show the form of parts at the weld after the weld has been made.

F 9. is a perspective view illustrative 0.5: a orm of Ion "tudinalmember different from those of t e preceding figures, showing onearrangement of the same with respect to the transverse members. Fig. 10is a similar view showing members or the same form as those of Fig. 9,and illustratins a different arrangement of the longitu inal. memberswith respect to the transverse members. Fig. 11 is a detailview in-.Fig. 15 is a. view similar to Fig. 14 but shows the longitudinal memberofthe latter figure united to a transverse member of round-bar form.Fig. 16 is a similar view exemplifying the longitudinal members 01" Fig.12 united to transverse members like those of F 1. Fig. 17 is aperspective view illustrating still another form of longitudinalmembers, exemplified in this fig-' ure as united to transverse membersof like form. Fig. 18 is a. detail section view on the line 18--18 atFig. 17. Fig. 19 is a view similar to Fig. 18, showing members of thesome form as those of the latter, but differently arranged. Fig. 20 is asimilar view exemplifying a further suitable arrangement of members ofsaid term. Fig. 21 also is a similar view, but it exemplifies thelongitudinal members of Figs. 17-20 inclusive, united. to transversemembers of polygonal form. Fig. 22 also is a similar view, showing thelongitudinal member of Fig. 19 united to a transverse member similar tothose of Fig. 1. Fig. 23 is a view tail sectional view illustrative ofthe edge wise embedding of one member in the side of the other, at theirplaces of contact.

In certain of the figures of drawing hereinbefore referred to,thereisshown an open frame or fabric composed of members which aresuitably prepared for integral union, electrically, at their places ofintersection. In the formation of theframe or fabric, these members areplaced in contact with eachother in such relation that a plurality oflongitudinal-members, suitably spaced apart will bejoined to each otherbyother members which similarly are suitably s aced. After themembershave been thus 'sposed, a welding current of electricity ispassed through their junction and they are pressed together, in asuitable mannerandby suitable means, such as those now well known in theart, for example. The preparation of the members referred to, involves arelative shaping such that the heat will be localized at the place forunion and said members will be brought to a welding condition at saidplace, so that by the pressure step the molecules of the two members'atthe place referred to will coalesceand the members will be welded toeachother before the current has been dissipated This may be done,according to the present in vention, by so preparing the members thatone of the same will present its edge or equivalent to the other, andsaid other will present an ed or other surface portion to the first,suita le for union electrically with;

the latter.

In the accompanying drawings, a number of different forms of memberssuitable for union with each other, accordir 1g to the presentinvention, are illustrated and, these drawings also illustrate variousopen framesor fabrics produced according t'o the pres;

ent invention, each comprislnga series of,

space intersecting members integrally unite with each other at theirplaces of intersection, electrically.

Forthe purpose of lowing descriptiomand in order to-distinguish themembers from each other, those which extend in one direction in theframe or fabric will be hereinafter referred.to as primary members whilethe others will be called secondary members It will be understood thatthese terms are employed clearness in the folonly for the purposeindicated and not to indicate a, relative value of the members in thecompleted fabric. As already stated, the primary members may be ofvarious forms and the secondary members also may be of various forms.

-In F ig sa '1- and 2, primary members,

' marked 100, of angle iron form are shown.

These are exemplified as being of inverted T-shape and as composed oftwo L-irons arranged with their vertical members 101 in contact witheach other and riveted or welded to ether at places marked 102, or maybe rolle in one piece. In Figs. 3 and 7 the primary members, marked 110,are shown as being formed of plane or flat strips. In Figs. 9, 1o, 11,17, 1s, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 the primary members, marked 120, are eachshown as being composed of an angle iron whose elements are sodisposed.as to form a member approximately of V-shape. In Figs. '12, 13, 14:, 15and 16 the primary members, marked 1-30,iare shown as being formed ofchannel irons, each with aplane or flat bottom 131 and fla 132 extendingupward irom opposite ges thereof. In Figs. 25 and 26, these membeis,markecl'140, areshown of tubular form; in Fig. 24, primary members,niarked150, ofring shape are Illustrated.

ary members, marked 200,- are shown as being composed, each, oflongitudinally extending wings or'flan opposite sides of a longitudinalchannel 202 having a. concave-convex wall extending beyond the planeofth wings. In Figs. 2, 9, 10, 11,-15, and 24 secondary members, marked210, are shownfa's formed ofround bars; While in Fig. 5 9. seconds.memberformed of a half-round,bar, mar ed 220, is-in'di- 'cated. :In Fi6,7, .8 and 24, secondary 201 disposed on members, mar ed 230, of-half-cylindrical In Fi .2441. secondary member, marked 280,

like t t marked 279, but'hollow, is illustrated.

It willbe noted, from the foregoing that the members-referred to. maybemade of marked 130 are illustrated;

angles of different shapes, exemplifiedherein as T-shape, L-shape andV-shape, respectively; of channels of different shapes, ex-

emplified herein as segments of tubes, and as having a fiat or planebottom with side 95 In Figs. 1', 3, 4, 16,22, 23 and 25, second-'.square tubes divided longitu wings rising approximately at right anglestherefrom, respectively; ofbars, exem lified herein as round, half-roundand di erent shapes of polygons, respectively, and either solid orhollow; fiat strips; a plate or strip formed to provide flanges-and alongitudinal channel between the flanges and having its wall projectingbeyond the plane of they surfaces of the flanges, and of cylindrical andannular shapes, respectively. Considered from another point of viewcertain of these members'may be described as seg:

ments of tubes of different shapes, annular and round. Thus the membersmarked 130 and .240 are segments of a proximately I mally on a. planebetween the corners thereof while the members marked120 and 250 aresegments of approximately square tubes divided in the plane of oppositecorners, 230 are segments of cylindrical tubes. Again, many; of them,including those, marked 120 and 250, which primarily are analogous inform to angle irons, as well as others, as 230, which are segments oftubes, and still others of various, shapes, as the members 200, 130 and240, for example, form, in the exemplified arrangements, members havinglongitudinal openings or channels. These members may be variouslycombined. In Fig. 1 an open frame or fabric is shown as composed of apair of primary members and a series of sec ondary members 200. Thesecondary members are disposed suitable distances apart along the lengthof the rima'ry members and between the latter, with'their channels 202in contact with the upper edges of the elements 101 of the primarymember.

In Fig. 2 a frame is shown as being composed of primary. members 100 andsecondary members 210 engaging the upper edges of the primary members.In Fig. 3 primary members are shown as being associated witlrsecondarymembers 200, dispos'ed above: and below the edges of said primarymembers and having their channeled portions 202 in contact with thelatter. In Fig. 7 primary members 110 are shown combined with secondarymembers 230 arranged above and below the same and engaging the edgesthereof. In Fig. 10 prima-ry members are shown as associated. 210, therelative with secondary members position of the parts being such thatthe closed sides of the primary members are presented to thesecondarymembers; while in Fig. 9 similar primary and secondary members are shownbut the position of the orimary members is reversed,that is to say,

611" open sides are presented .to the secondary members. In F ig. 12 aframe composed of primary members and second.- ary members 240 isillustrated {while in Fig. 14 said primary and the membersmembers 130are shown u combined withsecondary members 260 and Fig. 15 they areshown as combined with secondary members 210 and in Fig. 16 they areshown as combined with;secondary members 200. In Fig. 17 primary membersare shown with secondary members 250, with their edges in contact andtheir open sides presented toward each other; while in Fig. 20 primarymembers 120 and secondary members 250 are shown in a combination whereinthe closed sides of these members are p'resented'to each other. In Fig.22 a desirable combination of primary members 120 and secondary members200 .is indicated, and in Fig. 23 another combination of the samemembers is suggested; while in Fig. 21 there is indicated a'furthercombination which includes the primary members 120, but shows itcombined with secondary members 270. In Fig. 24 a frame composed of anumber of diflj'erent membersisindicated,ineluding primary members withvarious different forms of secondary members; and in Fig. 25 there isfurther indicated the possibility of utilizing different forms ofsecondary members in the same structure. Fig. 25 also shows primarymembers of tubular form. It may be here stated that various othercombinations of primary and secondary members may be made and various 95forms of primary and secondary members may be embodied in a singlestructure, and they may be variously relatively disposed, according topeculiar requirements. For this reason, and as already stated, theillustrated embodiments are intended merely to suggestive, and notrestrictive.

In each exemplified embodiment of the trated embodiment the memberspresent to each other surfaces capable of being welded to ether, withoutembodying what are speci cally known as spots or IlbS on said surfaces.Thus, in each case the contacting 1 surfaces are such that they will bebrought to a suitable elastic welding condition before the current hasbeen dissipated, which dissipation occurs when the bodies of the membershave been brought-into electrical contact. In practice, members suitablyprepared with reference to each other are placed in contact, and awelding current of electricit-y is passed through their intersectingportions and said portions are subjected to pressure. The action of thecurrent is such as to cause the portion of one member which is incontact with another to be brought to a plastic or welding condition andthe surface portion of said other to be in plastic or weld- 1" ingcondition, so that the molecule. of the intersecting portions of themembers will coalesce, this being aided by the pressure. The coalescingto a certain extent is a superficial one, but in each of the hereinexampli- I80 ing an open frame 6 fied embodiments the relfitiize formsof the members are suchthat. one will be partly embedded in the-other.,-When this occurs the current is dissipated yrs hereinbefore set forthand the welding-,operetion' has then been completed. Theembedding of onemember into another at the place of intersection is clearly indicated-in several of the, foregoing figures, and particularly Figs. 4, 7, 8,11, 1'2, 18' nnd- 19 in-eachof: which viewsa seat is-clehrly'shown a'sformed in one member, en agedbythe other member.

Having now escribedtheinvention what Letters Patent, I l y 1. Theprocesshereindescribed of produc is believed to be newand desir'etofsecure by in relatively prepar ng primary andsecondany members, sothat a ortionof onesjill be embedded .and Weld "in anotherwhen they aresubjected t6 a, welding current of' electricity end pressure, placingQthem in contact with each other and p'e'ssin a current through thejunction and su jecting them to pressure.

2. The process hereindeScrib'ed' of produc Coplu o! thhpatent maybeobtained to: Aye cents eecflhy'addressing the Commissioner of Potentl, I

. ery nemb'ers '.p em together with an.

edgegof one rr-contect withepd intersected v by tlie 10f th 'pthQnQand'pessing a fabric, which consists the New.York, this-39th a of August anopen frame or fabric, which consists in suitably preparing members toprovide in suitablypm 8fl1lgrimary-arid secondweldi'ng. currentelectricity through junction efqtheland subjecting the sametopres'sureif -11 w In witness whereof- I have hereunto'set county' andState of my hand. tame jcit.

LAUREN ES LACHMAN; Ingpresence 'of '4 1 vJ.;V. Eumonnx,

lemon. R. B ouenns.

i hereiii'deseribed of produc- I 'ingjan open-framepr fabric' whichconsists

